Definition of Observation by Experts and Their Benefits
Conducting an observation is very important to do, so
someone who does the activity can know and get knowledge from a phenomenon,
based on ideas and knowledge that are already known beforehand. Well, of course
to get the various kinds of information needed, then the next step is to
conduct a study. Read more in this article to understand the notion of
observation.
The notion of observation is not only limited to that, even
the understanding of this observation consists of many opinions. Not a few
experts who provide an explanation of the meaning of observation. However,
before discussing some definitions of observation according to experts, here
are the meanings of observation itself.
Observation or also called observation, is an activity
carried out to find out a phenomenon based on knowledge, as well as ideas which
aim to get an information. Well, this information is of course related to an
event or phenomenon that is or is already happening in the surrounding
environment.
Of course, for the process of searching for information this
one must be objective, real and accountable. This is because it relates to the
authenticity of the information obtained.
understanding of observation
Definition of Observation According to Experts
In addition to the general understanding of observation,
there is also an understanding according to experts, the Big Indonesian
Dictionary (KBBI) and an etymological understanding. It is important for you to
know the meaning of the observation so that you can understand the meaning in a
gambling manner.
1. According to the KBBI
According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), the
meaning of observation itself is as follows:
Careful observation
Observe - supervise closely; observe.
2. Etymologically
Meanwhile, the understanding of etymological observation
comes from Latin which means "to see and pay attention".
3. According to
Nawawi and Martini
Understanding the
observations of Nawawi and Martini itself is an observation and recording
carried out in sequence and consists of various elements that appear in a
phenomenon contained in the object of research. The results of these
observations will then be reported using a systematic arrangement in accordance
with applicable rules.
4. Professor Heru
Professor Heru
explained that an observation is an observation that shows a learning or study
which is carried out intentionally, sequentially, directedly and in accordance
with the objectives to be achieved in the observations made.
Observation
results are all kinds of events and phenomena that have been recorded. The
results of these observations must be precise, thorough, detailed, accurate,
objective and useful with the observations made.
5. Hanna Djumhana
Hanna Djumhana
explained that observation is a scientific method which is still used as the
first step in empirical science and is still recognized by the world of
scientific research (on Paper Unibrah) which is used as a scientific method for collecting data.
6. According to
Sutrisno Hadi
Understanding
this observation is a process that is very complex and consists of various
processes both psychological processes and biological processes which are
carried out with more importance to the process of memory and observation.
7. According to
Patton
Meanwhile,
according to Patton the notion of observation itself is an accurate and
specific method used to collect data and has the purpose of finding various
kinds of information about all activities or activities that are underway to be
used as objects of study in research.
8. Sudjana
Lots of
definitions of observation are explained by experts, including Sudjana. He
explained that observation is an assessment method used in order to be able to
measure a process and action between individuals in an observed event.
9. Suhasimi
Arikunto
According to him,
the notion of observation itself is an observation made directly about an
object in the environment, both ongoing and ongoing which includes various
kinds of attention activities from an object study by utilizing sensing.
The action of
this observation is done intentionally or consciously and in accordance with
the order they have.
10. Arifin (2011)
Observation is a
process of observation and recording that is carried out logically, objectively,
systematically and rationally about various kinds of phenomena, both those that
exist in real or actual situations and in artificial situations that are
intended to be able to achieve a certain goal.
11. Bahrowi
(2012)
Understanding the
observation according to him is a technique used in a way to conduct
observations carefully and the recording of the observations is done in a
systematic way.
12. Nurkancana
(1986)
Observation is a
method used to conduct an assessment using direct and systematic observation.
Various kinds of data obtained from these observations are recorded in the
observation notes. The recording activity is part of the observation activities
that are being carried out.
13. Sevilla
(1993)
Sevilla interprets
this observation in a simple term which is interpreted in a process where the
observer or researcher looks at the situation of the research. This one method
is very suitable for use in a study that includes observing a condition or
interaction of teaching and learning, interaction between groups and children's
play behavior.
14. Burhan
Burhan explained
that the notion of observation is an ability possessed by someone in carrying
out an observation activity through the work of one of the five senses namely
the eye and assisted by several other five senses.
15. According to
Kartono
Kartono said that
observation is a study process that is done on something and is done
consciously and systematically. Which discusses the phenomena or social and
psychological events through observation and recording.
16. Karl Welck
Karl Welck
explained the meaning of observation itself, where observation is an activity
of recording, selecting, compiling, marking and replacing a series of observed
behavioral processes and the atmosphere which has a relationship with a
particular organization.
17. Sugiyono
In the narrow
sense of observation is a research process that aims to observe the situation
and conditions of the material observed. This observation technique is very
suitable to be used to conduct a study of the learning process, behavior,
attitudes and so on.
Observation Data
Collection Techniques
observation data
collection
The observation
data collection can be divided into two types, the first is participation
observation and the second is non-participation observation. The following is a
further understanding of both:
1. Observation of
Participation
The first
technique of Participatory Observation is where the researcher participates in
every daily activity, doing every activity carried out by the person in
question. Feel directly the daily environment of people being researched, both
the work and others related to the environment.
2.
Non-participation participation
Furthermore, the
non-participatory observation data collection technique is the opposite of the
participatory observation data collection technique, which is where in this
data collection technique the researcher is not involved in every activity of
the object being studied. Researchers only as observers of the object being
studied.
Please note
Observation can be divided into two, viz
1. Structured
observation
Structured
observations Observations that have been designed systematically in the sense
that researchers already know the structured retrieval of data, know clearly
the variables to be observed.
2. Unstructured
observations
Unstructured
observations are observations that are not prepared in steps or that are not
yet known by the observer. This usually happens when the research makers do not
know what will be observed and the direction of data collection is unclear.
Benefits of
Observation
Adding knowledge
and insights that we did not know about the object we studied became aware of
the object of research.
The results of
observations that have been carried out can be confirmed by the results of the
study.
The reader can
have his own interpretation of the findings of the object of observation and
how the results of observation are interpreted.
Observation
activities can explain the process of an event taking place and can test its
quality.
Estimate why
something happens in real life.
Can note a
symptom that sometimes does not clear progress.
Take note of
situations that cannot be replicated in experiments.
The chronology of
an event can be recorded coherently and clearly.
Equipment and
technology can now record permanently.
The Observation
Method can be combined with other methods for better results.
Example of
Observation Activity
In chemistry we
know heterogeneous mixture. It is said that heterogeneous mixtures can be
separated again into their original substances. To prove this, you can make
observations of heterogeneous mixtures. The first thing to do is collect data.
Next you analyze the results of observations from the data that you collect.
The last step is to make an observation report.
That is the
definition of observation that you must know in general, etymology, KBBI or
according to experts. Knowing the meaning of this observation itself is of
course very important so that you better understand what is meant by the
observation itself and what its true purpose is.
By knowing the
meaning of the observation, it is hoped that you can understand clearly and be
able to make an observation method carefully and correctly. May be useful.